routledge. The Routledge Companion to Narrative Theory brings together top scholars in the field to explore the significance of narrative to pressing social, cultural, and theoretical issues. routledge

 
The Routledge Companion to Narrative Theory brings together top scholars in the field to explore the significance of narrative to pressing social, cultural, and theoretical issuesroutledge  Advances in Industrial and Hazardous Wastes Treatment

Buy 1 Get 20% Off, or Buy 2 Get 25% Off • Shop Now. The company publishes approximately 1,800 journals and 5,000 new books each year and their. " The growing religious diversity within societies around the world presents both challenges and opportunities. She is best known for her comedy role as Hyacinth Bucket in the popular BBC sitcom Keeping Up Appearances (1990–1995). Within the Routledge Handbook of Sustainable Diets, creative, compassionate, critical, and collaborative solutions are called for across nations, across disciplines and sectors. Using Social Research for Social Justice: An Introduction for Social Work and Human Services. Providing an international reference work written solely by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander authors, this book offers a powerful overview of emergent and. FREE delivery Jul 31 - Aug 4 . Routledge Translation Studies | Home. The Routledge Handbook to Global Political Economy provides a comprehensive guide to how Global Political Economy (GPE) is conceptualized and researched around the world. However, at peak times, it sometimes takes a few extra days to process and ship your order. com. It is structured. Nov. The Routledge Handbook of Global Historical Archaeology is a multi-authored compendium of articles on specific topics of interest to today’s historical archaeologists, offering perspectives on the current state of research and collectively outlining future directions for the field. At Taylor & Francis we’ve been publishing open access journals since 2006, and in 2013 we complemented it with our Open Access Book Programme. Cambridge University Press. Éva Illés, Yasemin Bayyurt. These free resources can save you time and help with planning your lessons. Telephone: +61 2 8778 9999. International in scope, this volume brings together leading and emerging voices working at the intersection of contemporary art, visual culture, activism, and climate change, and. Now in its ninth edition, Bird’s Engineering Mathematics has helped thousands of students to succeed in their exams. Please note that standard shipping days are working days only and exclude Saturdays & Sundays. 95. Written by experts in the field, these resources will enable students and researchers to better understand key philosophical works by providing useful insight with commentary, learning objectives and questions for self-review. View our complete catalog of authoritative Behavioral Sciences related book titles and textbooks published by Routledge and CRC Press. Routledge Open Research is a platform for Horizon 2020 funded research to be published and peer-reviewed in open access format. ’. Routledge Q&As give you the tools to practice and refine your exam technique, showing you how to apply your knowledge to maximum effect in an exam situation. For Print Orders In North, Central & South America. Showing 1 - 300 of 440 results. Investor relations. Teaching and Learning Resources. This second edition of The Routledge Handbook of Language Testing provides an updated and comprehensive account of the area of language testing and assessment. The volume brings together 35 authoritative articles, divided into ten sections, written by 51 leading specialists from around the world. SALE. The launch of the Routledge Open Research platform is an exciting new step in the world of academic publishing in the arts, humanities and social sciences. Social Practices and City. Written by experts in each language, these accessible accounts provide detailed linguistic analysis and description. The book is ambitious in scope, ranging across disciplines and national boundaries, with particular reference to the lived conditions of Indigenous peoples in the first world. The Word in the World: Essays and Lectures on Indian Literature and Aesthetics. $270. Holding 40 well-edited essays along 400 pages, this volume offers concise, up to date eye opening information, accompanied by analysis and insight, on a wide variety of topics. Pandemics in Singapore, 1819–2022: Lessons for the Age of COVID-19. The Inspection Copy Service is supplied by T&F as a free resource. The Routledge History of Loneliness. Search Routledge family obituaries and memoriams on Legacy. New, revised, and replacement articles are added to REP on a regular basis. Aug. 50. 00 $202. 1st Edition. Forgot password | Create an account. Routledge Handbooks & Companions Collection. Our BPC pricing is reviewed regularly. 8th, 2023. Publish With Us. The Greek origin of the term (a-nomia, absence of joy) relates it to the notions of disorder, inequity and anarchy. Thematically organised around five. 25th, 2023. 9th, 2023. . The Routledge Handbook of Critical Indigenous Studies is the first comprehensive overview of the rapidly expanding field of Indigenous scholarship. Tom Borrup is an international consultant and author of. Kathleen Kendall-Tackett. In. With loads of free content to download and short articles addressing key topics, our aim is to help you navigate your journey as a professional working in higher education. 00 $202. The term ‘literary media’ challenges the tendency to hold the two terms distinct and broadens accepted usage of the literary to include popular cultural forms, emerging technologies and taste cultures,. Routledge & CRC Press is a leading publisher of books in Humanities and STEM fields, with a specialism in Humanities, Social Sciences, and Behavioral Sciences. It features essays that explore the challenges of how to think about compelling futures, what these better futures might be like, and what personal and. Through 30 state-of-the-art reviews of key academic and policy debates, the handbook evaluates past, present and future opportunities and challenges of South-South cooperation, and lays out research. Rehabilitation Act . The Routledge Companion to Literary Media examines the fast-moving present and future of a media ecosystem in which the literary continues to play a vital role. The Routledge International Handbook of Posttraumatic Growth offers a rich covering of approaches to different traumatic and stressful experiences in relation to posttraumatic growth (PTG). Katherine M. In order to address these wide. The Routledge International Handbook of Innovative Qualitative Psychological Research. [3]Description. Routledge Classics brings you the works and ideas of Bertrand Russell, Jean-Paul Sartre, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Mary Midgley and many other great minds. Taylor & Francis Online brings together over 2,700 journals, including the world’s largest program of Social Science and Humanities journals published by Routledge; cutting-edge theoretical and applied Science, Technology and Medicine content from Taylor & Francis; and CogentOA, a suite of broad-spectrum open access journals. Faculty Resources. Facebook Sign In has been disabled. Taylor & Francis 2385 Executive Center Drive Suite 320 Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. Stylus has published hundreds of books on what it described as the business of higher education, in such realms as. K. Password. UK. Nov. The chapters are conveniently organized into five parts: Perspectives on Technology and its Value. Whether you’re looking for savings on textbooks or want to learn more about our newest and best selling product offerings, we will help you get the best value on the newest additions to your reading list. The volume unifies fragmented scholarship on ideology’s impact on international relations into a wide-ranging and go-to volume. Best Practices in English Teaching and Learning in Higher Education: Lessons from Hong Kong for Global Practice. June 16, 2017. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. This Handbook offers the first comprehensive survey of the scholarship on financialization, connecting finance with changes in politics, technology, culture, society and the economy. 0 and Machine Learning. Founded in 1836, we have published many of greatest thinkers and scholars of the last hundred years, including Adorno, Einstein, Russell, Popper, Wittgenstein, Jung, Bohm, Hayek, McLuhan, Marcuse and Sartre. 00. Sergi Torner, Paz Battaner, Irene Renau. Click or call. 95 $44. Miles Arthur Le-Vesconte Routledge, also known commonly by his nickname "Lord Miles", is an English author, explorer, YouTuber, Internet celebrity and a war tourist. Add to Cart. 21. Original Price $270. The Routledge Philosophy Companions series encompasses core subjects in the philosophy curriculum, such as. Definition of Routledge in the Definitions. Thoroughly revised and updated, this fourth edition continues in the tradition of its predecessors to cover the. These new Handbooks for 2021 are in the subjects of Sociology, Criminology & Crimianl Justice, Economics, Psychology, Politics, Health and Social Care and Environment & Sustainability all important key topics facing our world today. 20th, 2023. 21. Who to contact regarding deceased estate management. co. Miles Routledge, better known as Lord Miles, is a 21-year-old British student who travelled to Afghanistan during the events of the 2021 Taliban offensive in Afghanistan and was actively reporting his situation on 4chan and Twitch. Our publishing programme encompasses the liveliest texts, and the best in research. Taylor & Francis 2385 Executive Center Drive Suite 320 Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. The Routledge Social Science Handbook of AI is a landmark volume providing students and teachers with a comprehensive and accessible guide to the major topics and trends of research in the social sciences of artificial intelligence (AI), as well as surveying how the digital revolution – from supercomputers and social media to advanced automation and. 95 $32. It covers a broad range of topics through clusters focused on. : +91 (11) 43513877, 23285677. The Routledge Handbook of Spanish Morphology 1st Edition. Offering a diverse range of peer-reviewed articles, overviews, and insights, across a wide range of disciplines, Routledge Resources Online are the definitive digital encyclopedic. Language (s) Old English. Investor relations. Facebook Sign In has been disabled. This Handbook is a comprehensive volume outlining the foremost issues regarding research and teaching of second language speaking, examining such diverse topics as cognitive processing, articulation, knowledge of pragmatics, instruction in sub-components of speaking (e. However, this may change after the online perpetual license has. International contributors, including. Resource topics include how to turn your PhD in to a book, how to write a successful book proposal, how to maintain discoverability of your book and many more. It aims to take the fear out of corporate finance and add the fun in, presenting the subject in a way that is simple to grasp and easy to digest. 50 SALE. Removes obstacles to collaborative research through data sharing, transparency and attribution. Each book contains up to fifty essay and problem-based questions on the most commonly examined topics, complete with expert guidance and fully worked model answers. Advances in Industrial and Hazardous Wastes Treatment. Wong. Edited By Kene Igweonu. Corin Bailey, Roy McCree, Latoya Lazarus, Natalie Dietrich Jones. Updated on 01/04/20. Routledge v McKay - Routledge v McKay is a 1954 English contract law case, concerning the difference between a term and a representation. By. USD $39. 00 Sale Price $202. In Teaching to Transgress, bell hooks--writer, teacher, and insurgent black intellectual--writes about a new kind of education, education as the practice of freedom . Region of origin. Commercial publishing houses, university presses, and other organizations wanting to request rights licensing for the following reasons, please follow. The Routledge Handbook of Music and Migration: Theories and Methodologies. Most universities have a generic open access email address for researchers interested in publishing open access. It was founded in 1836 by George Routledge, and specialises in providing academic books, journals, & online resources in the fields of humanities, behavioral science, education, law and social science. 23rd, 2023. The Colloquial series provides beginner courses for a wide range of languages. We publish hundreds of journals and thousands of new books each year, from offices all over the world. Taylor and Francis Group is part of the Academic Publishing Division of Informa PLC. Book Series. The Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Physics is a comprehensive and authoritative guide to the state of the art in the philosophy of physics. Rapid open access publication enables others to build upon new ideas right away, wherever and whoever they are. • Gendered contexts and strategies. View our complete catalog of authoritative Politics & International Relations related book titles and textbooks published by Routledge and CRC Press. The top five academic publishers, who publish scholarly works and books for students, are distinctly different from the "Big Five" trade publishers, who publish books for the general. There are 440 obituaries and memoriams for. Routledge Journalism Companions offer thorough, high-quality surveys and assessments of major topics in the field of journalism studies. Posts made by Routledge went viral on social media in mid-August 2021. Must contain an uppercase character. With a focus on the Global South, the book includes chapters on the experiences of. Please note that you are responsible for postage/carriage costs of returning the items to us unless the item is damaged or defective, or is different to the one you ordered. Cara is author of Arts in Place: The Arts, the Urban and Social Practice (Routledge, 2017), and the co-editor of Creative Placemaking and Beyond (Routledge, 2018). 000 buku baru setiap tahunnya dan. This pioneering handbook proposes an approach to pluralism that is relational, principled, and non-relativistic, going beyond banal calls for mere "tolerance. Arbour Counselling Centre is a group of counselling professionals dedicated to helping people grow through their journeys in life. $48. Information about our electronic and open-access publishing programs. Contact Information: Routledge Books. 00 $127. Aditya Books Pvt. Add to Cart. About the Series. 라우틀리지(Routledge, / ˈ r aʊ t l ɪ dʒ /) 는 영국의 다국적 출판 회사이다. Beginning June 15th, 2021, books with a perpetual eBook license will have five years of online access. Nov. Routledge Routledge is the world's leading academic publisher in the Humanities and Social Sciences. Routledge ( / ˈraʊtlɪdʒ / ROWT-lij) [2] is a British multinational publisher. Taylor and Francis Group is part of the Academic Publishing Division of Informa PLC. We are a dedicated, author-facing sales team who manage all. Proposal guidelines. $52. Its chapters have been fully updated, and reorganized where appropriate, to provide a comprehensive yet accessible overview of the field and its related disciplines. Explore their diverse range of books curated by their editors, request an inspection copy, and learn about their value proposition and history. SALE. Drawing on examples from a wide range of languages and social settings, The Routledge Handbook of Sociolinguistics Around the World was originally the first single-volume collection surveying the current research trends in international sociolinguistics. Your proposal will initially be read by a Commissioning Editor to assess the suitability of your book for their publishing program (or 'list). Cities, Citizenship and Jews in France and the United States, 1905–2022 (Volume 1) Josef W. Edited By Karen Detlefsen, Lisa Shapiro June 19, 2023. Edited by leading scholars, these volumes include contributions from key academics from around the world and are essential reading for both advanced. The problem of poverty is global in scope and has devastating consequences for many essential aspects of life: health, education, political participation, autonomy, and psychological well-being. The Routledge Handbook of Multilingualism provides a comprehensive survey of the field of multilingualism for a global readership and an overview of the research which situates multilingualism in its social, cultural and political context. The Routledge Handbook of African Theatre and Performance brings together the very latest international research on the performing arts across the continent and the diaspora into one expansive and wide-ranging collection. ’s home office confirmed it. Jul. This book presents a view of human language as social interaction, illustrating its implications for language learning and second language teaching. Nov. Oxford University Press (OUP) Routledge. Corporate Finance: The Basics is a concise introduction to the inner workings of finance at the company level. Facebook Sign In has been disabled. Nov. Here you’ll. At present Web of science contains circa 100,000 books and T&F is in the top ten contributing publishers. What does Routledge mean? Information and translations of Routledge in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. Nov. If you decide to adopt any of our titles you've reviewed in e-Inspection as the core text for your course, you may be eligible for a desk copy to support your teaching. Routledge’s Modern Grammar series is an innovative reference guide combining traditional and function-focused grammar in a single volume, with an accompanying workbook. The Handbook‘s 39 chapters--written by a diverse and. The series contains the very best of Routledge’s publishing over the past century or so, books that have, by popular consent, become established as classics in their field. There are many benefits to publishing with Taylor & Francis and our leading imprints that are highly recognized in the academic and professional communities we serve. We publish books and chapters across all subjects covered by Routledge, CRC Press and our other leading imprints in the humanities, social sciences, STEM and behavioural sciences. Series Titles. Depending on the textbook, the title you're interested in may be available in print, as an e-Inspection copy, or both. Providing an accessible and up-to-date overview, it has long been the essential textbook on courses worldwide. 00 $270. Giving unprecedented breadth and depth of coverage, they are the works against which all future books on their subjects will be judged and are essential reading for anyone with a serious interest in the subject. While preparing your manuscript, for questions about file quality and delivery, placement in manuscript, and so on, contact your. Authors create a crowdsourcing page to fund the processing charge e. Description. Routledge is a British multinational publisher. INSPECTION COPY. The Routledge Handbook of Experimental Linguistics provides an up-to-date and accessible overview of various ways in which experiments are used across all domains of linguistics and surveys the range of state-of-the-art methods that can be applied to analyse the language of populations with a wide range of linguistic profiles. Supporting students and researchers is a key goal for both academic faculty members and librarians. This ThingLink explains the benefit of collaboration alongside some key. 50. Updated on 01/04/20. Removes obstacles to collaborative research through data sharing, transparency and attribution. The contents are carefully structured to cover the natural system of classification: phonology,. SALE. Publish With Us. The Routledge Handbook of World Englishes constitutes a comprehensive introduction to the study of World Englishes. Routledge Translation Studies | Home. Stylistics is a multidisciplinary and stimulating field of scientific enquiry with an increasingly significant impact on society, especially in cognitive, civic and pedagogical domains. It communicates the evolving character of international sanctions from diverse perspectives, with a particular emphasis on questions of efficacy. The Routledge Companion to Folk Horror offers a comprehensive guide to this popular genre. The Routledge Classics series, with titles by Bertrand Russell, Jean-Paul Sartre, Ludwig Wittgenstein and Mary Midgley, was launched in 2001. TEP - Tepper Building - Room 5230. Our open access books are available on the Directory of Open Access Books (DOAB), Google Scholar, and on our eBook platform Taylor & Francis eBooks. Rachel Douglas is the Editor for Routledge Historical Resources. Routledge. This is something you should discuss with your editor at the proposal stage. The Corporate and Institutional Sales (CIS) team is based in the UK, US, Asia, India, and Australia and is tasked with supporting authors, enterprises, governments, and not-for-profit organizations who are looking to utilize our content. This book presents a new, contemporary introduction to medieval philosophy as it was practiced in all its variety in Western Europe and the Near East. Declarations of the ‘end of ideology’ have once again been proven premature:. Description. Depression in New Mothers, Volume 1: Causes, Consequences, and Risk Factors. 00 Sale Price $202. , grammar, pronunciation, and vocabulary) and the attrition. Shifts the way research and researchers are evaluated by supporting research assessment based on the intrinsic value of the research. com. Edited By Kene Igweonu. Routledge is a leading publisher of books, e-books, journals and online products for various fields and purposes. Routledge & CRC Press Login. 95 $33. The Routledge Philosophy Guidebook to Aristotle and the Poetics is an accessible guide to this often dense and cryptic work. Facebook Sign In has been disabled. All chapters are specially commissioned and written by leading scholars in the field. The Routledge Companion to the Anthropology of Performance provides a cutting-edge, comprehensive overview of the foundations, epistemologies, methodologies, key topics and current debates, and future directions in the field. Each chapter serves three purposes: (1) provide a. All Inspection Copies are provided on an “as is” and “as available” basis and T&F accepts no liability for any loss or damage whatsoever sustained by You as a result of using or relying on the Inspection Copy Service. If approved, the proposal will proposal will move to. Must contain at least one of these special characters: @ # $ % ^ & + =. The Routledge Guidebook to Berkeley’s Three Dialogues 1st Edition. Routledge is a leading global publisher of academic books and online products in the Humanities, Social sciences, and STEM fields. View the profiles of professionals named "Routledge" on LinkedIn. Included will be the most important works that have been at. Routledge Classics. D. CRC Press. You can also rent books for a cheaper alternative, but your offline access will be. It has spread unevenly across the globe, with some countries and societies more impacted than others, and interacted with existing feminist movements, struggles, and resistances. Vice President - Books, The Americas [email protected]. It comprisess 54 self-contained chapters written by leading philosophers of physics at both senior and junior levels, making it the most thorough and detailed volume of its type on the market. The books serve specialist communities and are. Today Routledge isEdited By Federica Duca, Sarah Meny-Gibert. The Routledge Handbooks & Companions book collection is perfect for students and academic researchers alike. A degree of competition between deeply held religious/worldview. Advances in Industrial and Hazardous Wastes Treatment. Keeping Up Appearances star Patricia Routledge has delighted fans with a rare appearance on TV where she spoke about the sitcom's success and the fame it brought her. Nov. New content. Description. View our complete catalog of authoritative Screenwriting related book titles and textbooks published by Routledge and CRC Press. 勞特利奇 (英語: Routledge , / ˈraʊtlɪdʒ / [1] )是一家英國跨國出版商,由 喬治·勞特利奇 (英语:George Routledge) 正式創辦於1851年,專注於學術書籍、期刊以及在線資源出版服務,主要涉及 社會科學 、 人文學科 、 建成環境 、 教育 和. New & Bestselling. Scopus (owned by Elsevier )indexes both T&F journal content at the article level and our book content at the chapter level. There are five entirely new chapters covering. Informa PLC. g. We'll do our best to send your order within our standard days shown. Forgot password | Create an account. This second edition of The Routledge Handbook of Language Testing provides an updated and comprehensive account of the area of language testing and assessment. Titles in the series range from seminal classics to cutting edge studies in the field, and comprise both research monographs and edited volumes. As the uncertainty of global and local contexts continues to amplify, the Routledge Handbook for Creative Futures responds to the increasing urgency for reimagining futures beyond dystopias and utopias. 00 Sale Price $202. Tel: +44 207 017 6000. ラウトレッジ ( 英: Routledge, [ ˈraʊtlɛdʒ] )は、 人文科学 ・ 社会科学 分野の学術書、 ジャーナル 、オンライン文献を扱う イギリス の大手出版社である。. Advances in Hospitality and Tourism. J. Routledge & CRC Press Thank you for registering. Global Crisis and the Creative Industries: Analysing the Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic. Nov. Victoria, BC. // The volume advocates for researchers, practitioners, and administrators to rethink and reconceptualize an understanding of language beyond that. The company publishes approximately 1,800 journals and 5,000 new books each year and their backlist encompasses over 140,000 titles. T&F South Asia Distributors INDIA North. For details about the range of options for reading journals while. Split into six sections with 40 contributions, this Handbook discusses how English is operating in a wide range of fields from business to popular culture and from education to new literatures in English and its increasing role as an. Ricardo Melo, Derek Van Rheenen, Sean Gammon. Topics include: How to write your book proposal. The application allows you to download your book to your device, giving you lifetime access to books you have purchased outright. Routledge Introductions to Applied Linguistics is a series of introductory level textbooks covering the core topics in Applied Linguistics, primarily designed for those beginning postgraduate studies, or taking an introductory MA course as well as advanced undergraduates. He received his Ph. It was founded in 1836 by George Routledge, and specialises in providing academic books, journals and online resources in the fields of the humanities, behavioural science, education, law, and social science . December 22, 2023. Meaning of Routledge. For open access related book series proposals, please contact the Commissioning. Margot Rawsthorne, Emma Tseris, Amanda Howard, Mareese Terare, Alankaar Sharma. Password. Leanne Campbell. com so that it conforms with level AA of the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2. Looking at a variety of formats, including novels. With over 70 languages to choose from, Routledge Colloquials offer the most comprehensive range of language courses. Nov. The Faculty Resources hub offers everything you need to know to help you with your career in academia. Princeton University Press. It assumes only a minimal familiarity with philosophy, the sort that an undergraduate introduction to philosophy might provide, and it is. [2] is a British publisher. Routledge, which Taylor & Francis acquired in 1998, was also founded in 1852 and is now considered to be the leading English-language publisher of humanities and social sciences. Email Address. Explore all open access books and book chapters published by Taylor & Francis, and discover content available across subject areas including economics, environment &. Routledge - Wikipedia. Enhanced by extensive illustrations and contributions from more than 70 world-leading experts, its chapters present evidence-based best practice for sports. Ltd. There are 440 obituaries and memoriams for. Or fastest delivery Jul 25 - 27 . It was founded in 1836 by George Routledge, and specialises in providing and online resources in the fields of the . T&F encompasses both the Routledge brand, which publishes textbooks in the Humanities and Social Sciences, and CRC Press, which publishes textbooks in the areas of Science. Founded in 1836 by George Routledge, it became a subdivision and imprint of Taylor & Francis Group in 1998 and is now part of Informa's 'academic publishing' division. Routledge eBooks are delivered via VitalSource's Bookshelf app, available on Android, iOS, PC, Mac, Kindle Fire, and Chromebook. Advances in Human Factors and Ergonomics Series. Our science, technology, and medical books are published by the CRC Press and Productivity Press imprints, and our quality peer-reviewed journals are published under the Routledge and Taylor & Francis impri This handbook offers a collection of cutting-edge essays on all aspects of strategic culture by a mix of international scholars, consultants, military officers, and policymakers. View Company Info for FreeThe Routledge Handbook of Ideology and International Relations reviews, consolidates, and advances the study of ideology in international politics. How does narrative both inform and limit the way we think today? From conspiracy theories and social media movements to racial politics and climate change future scenarios, the reach. Sign up for our email list to have the latest. This book covers a wide range of topics, including the magical texts which circulated in medieval Europe, the attitudes of. The Handbook introduces, contextualises, critiques, and discusses a range of perspectives associated with the concept of the circular economy. There are 40+ professionals named "Routledge", who use LinkedIn to exchange information, ideas,. The volume provides insights into ongoing discussions that build an emerging body of. It was founded in 1836 by George Routledge, and specialises in providing academic books, journals, & online resources in the fields of humanities, behavioural science, education, law and social science. Advances in Intelligent Decision-Making, Systems Engineering, and Project Management. How to improve the discoverability of your work. 23rd, 2023. Routledge was nominated for the BAFTA TV Award for Best Light. Advances in Instructional Psychology Series. The Routledge History of Loneliness takes a multidisciplinary approach to the history of a modern emotion, exploring its form and development across cultures from the seventeenth century to the present. Employing a.